1.
Abulia- reduced impulse to act and to think which is
associated with indifference about consequences of action. Occurs as a result
of neurological deficit, depression and schizophrenia.
2.
Adiadochokinesia- inability to perform rapid
alternating movements. Occurs with neurological deficit and cerebellar lesions.
3.
Adynamia- weakness and fatigability,
characteristic of neurasthenia and depression.
4.
Agitation- severe anxiety associated with
motor restlessness.
5.
Akathisia- subjective feeling of motor
restlessness manifested by a compelling need to be in constant movement. May be
seen as an extrapyramidal adverse effect of antipsychotic medication. May be
mistaken for psychotic agitation.
6.
Akinesia- lack of physical movement, as in
extreme immobility of catatonic schizophrenia. It can also occur as an
extrapyramidal effect of antipsychotic medication.
7.
Akinetic Mutism or Coma Vigil- absence of voluntary motor movement
or speech in a patient who is apparently alert (as evidenced by eye movement).
It is seen in psychotic depression and catatonic states.
8.
Apraxia- inability to perform a voluntary purposeful
motor activity. It cannot be explained by paralysis or other motor or sensory
impairment.
9.
Constructional Apraxia- patient cannot draw a 2 or 3
dimensional form (inability to copy a drawing).
10.
Astasia Abasia- inability to stand or walk in a
normal manner, even though normal leg movements can be performed in a sitting
or lying down position. It is seen in conversion disorder.
11.
Ataxia- lack of coordination, physical or mental. In
neurology, refers to loss of muscular co-ordination. In psychiatry, the term
intra-psychic ataxia refers to lack of co-ordination between feelings and
thoughts. It is seen in schizophrenia and in severe OCD.
12.
Atonia- lack of muscle tone.
13.
Bradykinesia- slowness of motor activity, with a
decrease in normal spontaneous movement.
14.
Catalepsy or Waxy flexibility or
Cerea Flexibilitas-
condition in which person maintains the body position into which they are placed.
It is observed in severe cases of catatonic schizophrenia.
15.
Cataplexy- temporary sudden loss of muscle
tone, causing weakness and immobilization. It can be precipitated by a variety
of emotional states and is often followed by sleep. It is commonly seen in
narcolepsy.
16.
Catatonic excitement- excited, uncontrolled motor
activity seen in catatonic schizophrenia. Patients in catatonic state may
suddenly erupt into an excited state and may be violent.
17.
Catatonic Posturing- voluntary assumption of an
inappropriate or bizarre posture, generally maintained for long periods of time
(may switch unexpectedly with catatonic excitement).
18.
Catatonic rigidity- fixed and sustained motoric
position that is resistant to change.
19.
Catatonic stupor- stupor in which patients ordinarily
are well aware of their surroundings.
20.
Chorea- movement disorder characterized by random and
involuntary quick, jerky, purposeless movements. It is seen in Huntington’s
disease.
21.
Command Automatism- condition associated with catalepsy
in which suggestions are followed automatically.
22.
Cycloplegia- paralysis of the muscles of
accommodation in the eye. It is observed at times, as an automatic adverse
effect (anti-cholinergic effect) of antipsychotic or antidepressant medication.
23.
Dyskinesia- difficulty in performing movements.
It is seen in extrapyramidal disorders.
24.
Dystonia- extrapyramidal motor disturbance consisting
of slow, sustained contractions of the axial or appendicular musculature. One
movement often predominates, leading to relatively sustained postural
deviations. Acute dystonic reactions (facial grimacing and torticollis) are
occasionally seen with the invitation of antipsychotic drug therapy.
25.
Hypoactivity or hypokinesis- decreased motor and cognitive
activity, as in psychomotor retardation. Visible slowing of thought, speech and
movement.
26.
Mannerism- ingrained, habitual involuntary
movement.
27.
Muscle rigidity- state in which the muscles remain
immovable. It is seen in schizophrenia.
28.
Mydriasis- dilation of the pupil. Sometimes
occurs as an autonomic (anticholinergic) or atropine like adverse effect of
some antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs.
29.
Overactivity- abnormality in motor behaviour
that can manifest itself as psychomotor agitation, hyperactivity
(hyperkinesis), tics, sleepwalking or compulsions.
30.
Paresis- weakness or partial paralysis of organic
origin.
31.
Posturing or Catatonia- strange, fixed and bizarre bodily
positions held by a patient for an extended time.
32.
Psychomotor Agitation- physical and mental over activity
that is usually non-productive and is associated with a feeling of inner
turmoil, as seen in agitated depression.
33.
Stupor- state of decreased reactivity to stimuli and
less than full awareness of one’s surroundings; as a disturbance of
consciousness, it indicates a condition of partial coma or semi-coma. In
psychiatry, used synonymously with mutism and does not necessarily imply a
disturbance of consciousness. In catatonic stupor, patients are ordinarily
aware of their surroundings.
34.
Tic disorders- predominantly psychogenic disorders
characterized by involuntary, spasmodic, stereotyped movement of small groups
of muscles. It is seen most predominantly in moments of stress or anxiety,
rarely as a result of organic disease.
35.
Tremor- rhythmical alteration in movement, which is
usually faster than one beat a second. It typically decreases during periods of
relaxation and sleep and increase during periods of anger and increased
tension.
36.
Ideomotor Apraxia- often called IMA, is a
neurological disorder characterized by the inability to correctly imitate hand
gestures and voluntarily mime tool use, e.g.- pretend to brush one’s hair.
37.
Lesh- Nyhan Syndrome- impaired kidney function, acute
gouty arthritis and self mutilating behaviours such as lip and finger biting
and/or head banging. Additional symptoms include involuntary muscle movements,
and neurological impairment.
38.
Stereotypy- repetitive, abnormal frequent,
non-goal directed movements.
39.
Grimacing- an ugly, twisted expression on a
person’s face, typically expressing disgust, pain or wry amusement.
