PIAGET’S STAGES IN MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
STAGE 1: “stage of moral realism” or “morality by
constraint”
-Automatic
obedience to rules without reasoning or judgment.
-Children
judge right or wrong in terms of their consequences.
STAGE 2: “stage of autonomous morality” or “morality by
co-operation or reciprocity”
-The rigid and
inflexible notions of right and wrong, learned from parents, are gradually
modified.
-This enables
children to look at their problems from different points of view and to take
many factors into consideration in solving them.
- “Lying is
not always necessarily bad.”
KOHLBERG’S STAGE IN MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
LEVEL1: “PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY”
1st
stage – the child is obedience and punishment oriented and the morality of
an act is judged in terms of its physical consequences.
2nd
stage – children conform to social expectations to gain rewards.
LEVEL 2: “CONVENTIONAL MORALITY”
1st stage – the
child conforms to rules to win the approval of others and to maintain good
relations with them.
2nd
stage – children believe that if the social group accepts rules as
appropriate for all group members, they should conform to them to avoid social
disapproval.
LEVEL 3: “POST CONVENTIONAL MORALITY “
1st
stage – the child believes that there should be flexibility in moral
beliefs that make it possible to modify and change moral standards if this will
prove to be advantageous to group members as a whole.
2nd
stage – people conform to social standards and to internalized ideals to
avoid self -condemnation rather than to avoid social censure.
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