Friday, 5 May 2017

MORAL DEVELOPMENT

PIAGET’S STAGES IN MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
STAGE 1: “stage of moral realism” or “morality by constraint
-Automatic obedience to rules without reasoning or judgment.
-Children judge right or wrong in terms of their consequences.
STAGE 2: “stage of autonomous morality” or “morality by co-operation or reciprocity
-The rigid and inflexible notions of right and wrong, learned from parents, are gradually modified.
-This enables children to look at their problems from different points of view and to take many factors into consideration in solving them.
- “Lying is not always necessarily bad.”
KOHLBERG’S STAGE IN MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
LEVEL1: “PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY”
1st stage – the child is obedience and punishment oriented and the morality of an act is judged in terms of its physical consequences.
2nd stage – children conform to social expectations to gain rewards.
LEVEL 2: “CONVENTIONAL MORALITY”
1st stage – the child conforms to rules to win the approval of others and to maintain good relations with them.
2nd stage – children believe that if the social group accepts rules as appropriate for all group members, they should conform to them to avoid social disapproval.
LEVEL 3: “POST CONVENTIONAL MORALITY “
1st stage – the child believes that there should be flexibility in moral beliefs that make it possible to modify and change moral standards if this will prove to be advantageous to group members as a whole.

2nd stage – people conform to social standards and to internalized ideals to avoid self -condemnation rather than to avoid social censure.

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